H1、H3亚型猪流感病毒双重实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立一种快速、准确地检测H1和H3亚型猪流感病毒（swine influence virus,SIV）的方法,根据H1和H3亚型SIV血凝素（hemagglutinin,HA）基因保守序列,分别设计2对特异性引物和2条TaqMan探针,建立双重实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法。结果显示,该方法敏感性高,可检测到最低拷贝数为10²拷贝/μL;重复性良好,重复孔Ct值的变异系数均在5%以下;特异性好,除H1和H3亚型SIV外,H4、H5、H7、H9亚型SIV、猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、口蹄疫病毒、伪狂犬病病毒检测均为阴性;在田间样品中成功检出1株H1和1株H3亚型SIV,检出率为1.16%。该方法准确、快速、灵敏、特异,可为H1、H3亚型SIV的快速鉴别检测及流行病学调查提供有效的技术手段。     

膜下滴灌棉田土壤温度探头最优布设研究

根据新疆试验区滴灌棉田不同位置、不同深处全生育期的地温数据,通过相关性分析发现,滴灌棉田同一观测点不同深处的地温具有较强的相关性;用R型谱系聚类法,对各观测点8个层次的地温变量进行分类,分为4类时,在地表0cm以及地表下5、15和40cm深处的地温就能较好的反映0～80cm土层的平均地温。水平方向上膜下宽行的平均地温最能反映滴灌棉田剖面上的土壤地温;膜下宽行处地表0cm以及地表下5、15和40cm深处可作为1膜2带4行滴灌棉田地温探头的最优布设点。     

Study of kernel structure of high-amylose and wild-type rice by X-ray microtomography and SEM

Rice kernels of a transgenic high-amylose rice line and its wild type were examined by a high-resolution X-ray microtomography (XMT) and an environmental scanning electron microscope. Two-dimensional (2-D) cross-sectional images and 3-D objects from XMT were reconstructed and analyzed to elucidate their structural features. The lack of two isoforms of starch branching enzyme, termed SBEI and SBEIIb in high-amylose rice (HAR), resulted in a distinctly different grain inner density than wild-type rice (WTR). HAR had smaller, elongated starch granules with air spaces inside the kernels resulting in an opaque grain, whereas WTR had a tight endosperm with little air space and polygonal starch granules. XMT allowed a full 3-D characterization of the rice kernel structure and revealed that air space distribution was not uniform in the HAR kernel.     

Comparsion of the Effects of Succinate and NADH on Postmortem Metmyoglobin Redcutase Activity and Beef Colour Stability

In two experiments, the effects of succinate and NADH（reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide） on metmyoglobin reductase activity and electron transport chain-linked metmyoglobin reduction were investigated and compared. In experiment 1, metmyoglobin（MetMb）, substrate and inhibitors were incubated with mitochondria. Comparsion of the effects of succinate and NADH on MetMb reduction was investigated. The MetMb percentage in sample treated with 8 mol L-1 succinate decreased by about 69% after 3 h incubation, and the effect was inhibited by the addition of 10 mol L-1 electron transfer chain complex II inhibitor malonic acid; the MetMb percentage in samples treated with 2 mol L-1 NADH decreased by 56% and the effect was inhibited by the addition of 0.02 mol L-1 electron transport chain complex I inhibitor rotenone. These results indicated that electron transport chain played an important role in MetMb reduction. Both complex II and complex I take part in the MetMb reduction in mitochondria through different pathways. NADH-MetMb reduction system was less stable than succinateMetMb system. In experiment 2, the beef longissimus dorsi muscle was blended with different concentrations of succinate or NADH. Enhancing patties with higher concentration of succinate or NADH improved colour stability in vacuum packaged samples（P〈0.05）. These results verified that mitochondria electron transport chain is related to the MetMb reduction in meat system.     

Q热贝纳柯克斯体TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据Q热贝纳柯克斯体(Coxiella burnetii)插入IS1111序列设计引物和探针,建立快速检测Q热的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法。以梯度稀释含有目的扩增片段的重组质粒作为标准品,进行定量PCR反应。结果显示,该方法能够检测出10个拷贝数的阳性质粒;标准曲线相关系数为0.995,扩增效率为103%;结核分枝杆菌(M.tuberculosis)、衣原体(C.psittaci)、布鲁氏菌(Brucella.spp)及牛血液的核酸样本特异性检测结果均为阴性。本研究建立的TaqMan荧光定量PCR法灵敏度高、特异性好,对Q热的检测与鉴定中具有良好的应用前景。     

鸡传染性贫血病病毒TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据鸡传染性贫血病病毒(chicken infectious anemia virus,CAV)基因组保守区域设计1对特异性引物和探针,通过优化反应条件,建立了一种快速检测CAV的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法,同时验证其特异性、灵敏性和重复性.本试验建立的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法灵敏度可达1.8×10¹拷贝/μL,远高于常规PCR方法;并与禽类其他病毒性疾病无交叉反应,具有高特异性.用分离的病毒人工感染1日龄SPF雏鸡,14日龄剖检,对感染鸡体内各器官的病毒分布及载量进行检测,结果表明,在脑、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胸腺、法氏囊和血清中均可检测到病毒,肝脏、胸腺病毒载量明显高于其他组织.本研究建立的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可同时检测大量临床样品,适用于CAV的诊断与流行病学分析.     

菠萝凋萎相关病毒–2实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

菠萝凋萎相关病毒（Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-2,PMWaV-2）是引起的菠萝凋萎病（Mealybug wilt of pineapple,MWP）的重要病原。本研究中根据PMWaV-2外壳蛋白基因序列设计特异性引物和探针,建立基于TaqMan探针的实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。该方法能高灵敏检测出阳性样品,对阴性样品及空白对照均无荧光反应;灵敏度比普通PCR高100倍;重复性试验表明批内和批间变异系数均在1.85%以内,表明本方法是一种操作简便、特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性较好的PMWaV-2定量检测方法。     

TaqMan探针荧光RT-PCR检测狂犬病病毒

根据GenBank已公布的狂犬病病毒(rabies virus,RV)核蛋白(N)基因序列设计并合成一对特异性的引物和探针,建立基于TaqMan探针的荧光RT-PCR检测狂犬病病毒方法。对狂犬病疫苗提取核酸后进行RT-PCR扩增,将目的条带切胶回收,克隆测序,重组质粒作为标准阳性对照。对建立的TaqMan探针荧光RT-PCR方法做灵敏度、特异性、重复性及稳定性试验。结果显示,该方法可以达到10拷贝/μL的灵敏度,可以将狂犬病病毒与犬瘟热病毒、犬细小病毒、犬腺病毒、犬冠状病毒和犬副流感病毒分开,方法重复性好,稳定可靠。     

Ultrastructural aspects of tomato leaves infected by Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) and co‐infected by other viruses

Optical and electron microscopy studies were carried out to investigate the cytopathology induced in tomato leaves infected by Tomato torrado virus (ToTV), a new picorna‐like virus associated with the ‘Torrado’ disease. Infected leaves, showing typical Torrado disease symptoms were surveyed in commercial greenhouses in the main tomato production areas of Spain. The effect of the co‐infection of ToTV with other viruses which commonly infect tomato crops was also studied. Ultra‐thin sections of ToTV‐infected tomato leaves did not show a strong cellular alteration. However, crystalline arrays of isometric virus‐like particles (VLPs) of 20–30 nm in the inclusion bodies were observed in phloem parenchyma cells of the infected tissues. Tissues co‐infected by ToTV and either Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) or Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) presented more severe cellular alterations. The most deleterious consequences for tomato cells were found in triple infections of ToTV, PepMV and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), where characteristic cell wall overgrowth was distinguishable, together with a large amount of necrotic cells.     

三种叶蝉触角化感器扫描电镜观察

采用扫描电子显微镜对黑尾叶蝉Nephotettix cincticeps(Uhler)、甘蔗叶蝉Exitianus indicus(Distant)和尼氏铲头叶蝉Hecalus nitobei(Matsumura)3种叶蝉昆虫成虫触角感器进行了观察。结果表明,3种叶蝉触角上有1种毛形感器、1种鳞形感器,其感器数量和分布在雌雄两性个体间相似。